Equity-focused systematic review of interventions for foster carers & adoptive parents

Systematic Review

Equity-focused systematic review of interventions for foster carers & adoptive parents

Summary

This protocol summarises plans for an equity-focused systematic review of interventions for supporting foster carers, adoptive parents and the children and young people in their care.

Who, what, why and how?

Foster carers and adoptive parents play a significant role in the lives of children who are unable to live with their birth families. Ensuring that these important caregivers have the support, skills and capacity to provide care is essential for the stability, wellbeing, and development of the children in their care.

Foundations have commissioned the Centre for Evidence and Implementation to conduct a systematic review of interventions for supporting foster carers and adoptive parents. Through an equity lens, the systematic review will seek to understand which programmes can improve outcomes for these caregivers and the children and young people in their care. The systematic review will also assess whether there are any differences in effectiveness of programmes for different groups of foster carers and adoptive parents, and what particular practice components and delivery strategies are common across programmes.

Using qualitative literature, the systematic review will also explore the perspectives of caregivers, professionals, and – where available – children and young people on their experiences with interventions, to get a deeper understanding of how to implement effective support.

Research Questions

Following established systematic review methods, the review will identify published and unpublished literature to answer the following research questions:

  • RQ1 – What works: What is the effectiveness of interventions to support non-related foster carers and adoptive parents of children and young people aged 0-18 placed in out-of-home care or (being) adopted from out-of-home care?
  • RQ2 – For whom: What are known demographics and characteristics of the foster carers, adoptive parents, and children and young people served by these interventions? What are the different types of interventions/models that are effective for children in different developmental age ranges?
  • RQ3 – How: What practice elements and intervention components are associated with successful interventions for foster carers and adoptive parents, and children and young people?
  • RQ4 – Implementation: What are the enablers and barriers to successful implementation of effective interventions for non-related foster carers and adoptive parents, and children and young people in the UK?
  • RQ5 – User perspectives: What are the views of foster carers and adoptive parents and families about the acceptability and usefulness of different interventions in the UK?

Evaluation partners

Due Date

This project is due to be completed by February 2026.
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Protocol: Equity-focused systematic review of interventions for foster carers & adoptive parents

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Cost ratings:

Rated 1: Set up and delivery is low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of less than £100.

Rated 2: Set up and delivery is medium-low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £100–£499.

Rated 3: Set up and delivery is medium cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £500–£999.

Rated 4: Set up and delivery is medium-high cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £1,000–£2,000.

Rating 5: Set up and delivery is high cost. Equivalent to an estimated unit cost of more than £2,000.

Set up and delivery cost is not applicable, not available, or has not been calculated.

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Child Outcomes:

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Supporting children’s mental health and wellbeing: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing child maltreatment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Enhancing school achievement & employment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing crime, violence and antisocial behaviour: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing substance abuse: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing risky sexual behaviour & teen pregnancy: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing obesity and promoting healthy physical development: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Evidence ratings:

Rated 2: Has preliminary evidence of improving a child outcome from a quantitative impact study, but there is not yet evidence of causal impact.

Rated 2+: Meets the level 2 rating and the best available evidence is based on a study which is more rigorous than a level 2 standard but does not meet the level 3 standard.

Rated 3: Has evidence of a short-term positive impact from at least one rigorous study.

Rated 3+: Meets the level 3 rating and has evidence from other studies with a comparison group at level 2 or higher.

Rated 4: Has evidence of a long-term positive impact through at least two rigorous studies.

Rated 4+: Meets the level 4 rating and has at least a third study contributing to the Level 4 rating, with at least one of the studies conducted independently of the intervention provider.

Rating has a *: The evidence base includes mixed findings i.e., studies suggesting positive impact alongside studies, which on balance, indicate no effect or negative impact.

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