Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups is for parents with mild to moderate concerns about the behaviour of a child between 0 and 12 years old. It is delivered by a trained Triple P practitioner to groups of up to 10 parents for one to four sessions, depending on the parents’ interests. During these sessions, parents discuss child rearing challenges, including noncompliant behaviour, shopping and bedtime routines.
The information above is as offered/supported by the intervention provider.
2 to 5 years old
Group
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups P is part of the Triple P multilevel system of family support, developed specifically for parents with moderate concerns about the behaviour of a child between 0 and 12 years old.
Each session is delivered in a small group format by a trained and accredited Triple P practitioner to groups of up to 10 parents, each session lasting approximately two hours. Parents can attend one to four sessions, each focusing on a specific parenting topic. The discussion groups provide an overview of positive parenting principles and address common child-rearing challenges, such as:
0 to 12 years old
Parents with concerns about their child’s behaviour.
Disclaimer: The information in this section is as offered/supported by the intervention provider.
Science-based assumption
Young children naturally behave in challenging and noncompliant ways
Challenging child behaviours which persist into preschool and primary school can increase the risk of behavioural problems continuing in adolescence.
Science-based assumption
Effective parenting behaviours reduce the risk of child behavioural problems persisting
Ineffective parenting behaviours can increase the risk of child behavioural problems persisting.
Science-based assumption
Many parents want and benefit from advice on managing challenging child behaviours.
Intervention
Parents learn:
Age-appropriate expectations for their child
Strategies for establishing predictable family routines
Strategies for promoting positive parent-child interaction
Strategies for discouraging challenging child behaviour through age-appropriate discipline.
Short-term
Parents implement effective parenting strategies in the home
Parents confidence and satisfaction with parenting increases.
Medium-term
Children’s self-regulatory capabilities and behaviour improves.
Long-term
Children are at less risk of antisocial behaviour in adolescence
Children are more likely to engage positively with others.
Parents of children aged 0 to 12 years old who have concerns about their child’s behaviour.
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups is delivered in one to four sessions of two hours’ duration each by one practitioner, to groups of parents.
Triple P Discussion Group sessions are delivered in a two-hour small group format on a specific parenting topic. The discussion groups are designed to provide an overview of the positive parenting principles.
The sessions may cover the following topics:
The practitioner who delivers this intervention can come from a range of professions, including education, psychology, social work, health, and family support.
The practitioner has two days of intervention training, one day of pre-accreditation, and attends a half-day accreditation workshop (accreditation workshops are held over two days; practitioners attend in groups of five). Booster training of practitioners is not required.
It is recommended that practitioners are supervised by one host-agency supervisor.
Intervention fidelity is maintained through the following processes:
Organisation: Triple P UK
Email address: contact@triplep.uk.net
Websites: www.triplep-parenting.net
www.triplep.net
https://pfsc-evidence.psy.uq.edu.au/
*Please note that this information may not be up to date. In this case, please visit the listed intervention website for up to date contact details.
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups qualifies for a Level 3+ rating, as it has evidence from at least one Level 3 study, along with evidence from other studies rated 2 or better.
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups’ most rigorous evidence comes from a single RCT conducted in Australia consistent with Foundations’ Level 3 evidence strength criteria. This study observed statistically significant improvements in Triple P parents’ reports of their child’s behaviour, as well as improved self-efficacy compared to parents not attending the intervention.
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups also has evidence from a single RCT conducted in New Zealand consistent with Foundations’ Level 2+ evidence strength criteria. This study observed statistically significant improvements in Triple P parents’ reports of their child’s behaviour, as well as increased self-efficacy and improved partner support relative to parents not receiving the intervention.
Level 3 Triple P Discussion Groups can be described as evidence-based: it has evidence from at least one rigorously conducted RCT or QED demonstrating a statistically significant positive impact on at least one child outcome.
Improved behaviour
Immediately after the intervention
Improvement index
Interpretation
Study
| Identified in search | 11 |
| Studies reviewed | 2 |
| Meeting the L2 threshold | 1 |
| Meeting the L3 threshold | 1 |
| Contributing to the L4 threshold | 0 |
| Ineligible | 9 |
| Study design | RCT |
| Country | Australia and New Zealand |
| Sample characteristics | 85 parents of preschool-aged children (aged 3 to 5 years old, mean age = 3.62 years) with noncompliant behaviour concerns. |
| Race, ethnicities, and nationalities | The majority of participants were Australian or New Zealand European (79%). |
| Population risk factors |
|
| Timing |
|
| Child outcomes | Improved problem behaviour |
| Other outcomes | Improved parenting |
| Study rating | 3 |
| Citations | Dittman, C. K., Farruggia, S. P., Keown, L. J. & Sanders, M. R. (2015) Dealing with disobedience: An evaluation of a brief parenting intervention for young children showing noncompliant behaviour problems. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 47, 102–112. |
| Study design | RCT |
| Country | Australia |
| Sample characteristics | 67 parents of children aged 2 to 5 years |
| Race, ethnicities, and nationalities |
|
| Population risk factors | 10.6% of participants reported financial difficulties |
| Timing |
|
| Child outcomes | Improved behaviour (parent report) |
| Other outcomes |
|
| Study rating | 2+ |
| Citations | Morawska, A., Haslam, D., Milne, D. & Sanders, M.R. (2011) Evaluation of a brief parenting discussion group for parents of young children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioural Pediatrics. 32 (2), 136–145. |
The following studies were identified for this intervention but did not count towards the intervention’s overall evidence rating. An intervention receives the same rating as its most robust study or studies.
Chung, S., Leung, C. & Sanders, M. R. (2015) The Triple P – Positive Parenting Program: The effectiveness of group Triple P and brief parent discussion group in school settings in Hong Kong. Journal of Children’s Services. 10, 1–14.
Dittman, C. K., Farruggia, S. P., Keown, L. J. & Sanders, M. R. (2016) Dealing with disobedience: An evaluation of a brief parenting intervention for young children showing noncompliant behavior problems. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 47, 102–112.
Joachim, S., Sanders, M. R. & Turner, K. M. T. (2010) Reducing preschoolers’ disruptive behavior in public with a brief parent discussion group. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 41, 47–60.
Little, A. (2012) An evaluation of a brief disobedience discussion group for pre-schoolers (Unpublished honours thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia).
Mejia, A., Calam, R. & Sanders, M. R. (2015) A pilot randomized controlled trial of a brief parenting intervention in low-resource settings in Panama. Prevention Science. 16 (5), 707–17.
Morawska, A., Adamson, M., Hinchliffe, K. & Adams, T. (2014) Hassle Free Mealtimes Triple P: A randomised controlled trial of a brief parenting group for childhood mealtime difficulties. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 53, 1–9.
Palmer, M. L., Keown, L. J., Sanders, M. R. & Henderson, M. (2016) Enhancing outcomes of a low-intensity parenting group program through generalization promotion strategies: A randomized control trial.
Pickering, J. A. (2015) Innovation, engagement, and the evaluation of a parenting intervention for improving sibling relationships (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia).
Tully, L. A. & Hunt, C. (2016) A randomized controlled trial of a brief versus standard group parenting program for toddler aggression. Aggressive Behavior. 9999, 1–13.
Note on provider involvement: This provider has agreed to Foundations’ terms of reference (or the Early Intervention Foundation's terms of reference), and the assessment has been conducted and published with the full cooperation of the intervention provider.
Rated 1: Set up and delivery is low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of less than £100.
Rated 2: Set up and delivery is medium-low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £100–£499.
Rated 3: Set up and delivery is medium cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £500–£999.
Rated 4: Set up and delivery is medium-high cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £1,000–£2,000.
Rating 5: Set up and delivery is high cost. Equivalent to an estimated unit cost of more than £2,000.
Set up and delivery cost is not applicable, not available, or has not been calculated.
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Supporting children’s mental health and wellbeing: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
Preventing child maltreatment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
Enhancing school achievement & employment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
Preventing crime, violence and antisocial behaviour: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
Preventing substance abuse: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
Preventing risky sexual behaviour & teen pregnancy: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.
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Rated 2: Has preliminary evidence of improving a child outcome from a quantitative impact study, but there is not yet evidence of causal impact.
Rated 2+: Meets the level 2 rating and the best available evidence is based on a study which is more rigorous than a level 2 standard but does not meet the level 3 standard.
Rated 3: Has evidence of a short-term positive impact from at least one rigorous study.
Rated 3+: Meets the level 3 rating and has evidence from other studies with a comparison group at level 2 or higher.
Rated 4: Has evidence of a long-term positive impact through at least two rigorous studies.
Rated 4+: Meets the level 4 rating and has at least a third study contributing to the Level 4 rating, with at least one of the studies conducted independently of the intervention provider.
Rating has a *: The evidence base includes mixed findings i.e., studies suggesting positive impact alongside studies, which on balance, indicate no effect or negative impact.
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