Parenting Through Adversity

Parents of babies & children 0 to 10

Introduction

This Practice Guide relates to all outcomes of the National Framework for Children’s Social Care (CSCNF). The enablers of the CSCNF (leadership, workforce, multi-agency working) have a role in supporting delivery of this guide’s key principles and recommendations. This summary online version complements a full version of the guide available to download here.

This Practice Guide sets out key principles and recommendations on parenting support for parents who have babies and children aged between 0 and 10 years old, based on the best available evidence.

The Guide focuses on support for parents whose circumstances include adversities that undermine their skills, abilities and/or resources. These adversities can include poverty, substance misuse, intimate partner violence, conflict in the couple relationship, and parent mental health challenges. Adversity can create challenges for effective parenting and increase the risk of child abuse and neglect. Effective parenting programmes can help to strengthen families’ response to, and resilience in the face of challenges and improve both parent and child outcomes.

What do we mean by parenting support?

The core purpose of parenting support is to strengthen parenting capacity and support parents to make lasting change to improve child outcomes. Parents in England can interact with the end-to-end system of parenting support and protection, from universal services (e.g. Family Hubs), through Family Help, to the edge-of-care.

For the purposes of this Practice Guide, we are referring to parenting interventions with defined eligibility criteria that have a clear structure and set of activities. We use the World Health Organisation definition of a parenting intervention.

Find out more about definitions and scope related to this guide.

We would like to acknowledge the invaluable input of our Parenting and Experts by Experience Advisers who worked closely alongside our Guidance Writing Advisory Group to develop this Foundations’ Practice Guide: Victoria Agnew, Southwark Council; Kar-man Au, Relational Activism; Nicki Cooper, Suffolk County Council; Pasco Fearon, University of Cambridge; Emma Ford, Warrington Borough Council.

We would also like to thank the Centre for Evidence and Implementation and their collaborators for their work on one of the systematic reviews that underpins this Practice Guide.

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Cost ratings:

Rated 1: Set up and delivery is low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of less than £100.

Rated 2: Set up and delivery is medium-low cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £100–£499.

Rated 3: Set up and delivery is medium cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £500–£999.

Rated 4: Set up and delivery is medium-high cost, equivalent to an estimated unit cost of £1,000–£2,000.

Rating 5: Set up and delivery is high cost. Equivalent to an estimated unit cost of more than £2,000.

Set up and delivery cost is not applicable, not available, or has not been calculated.

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Child Outcomes:

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Supporting children’s mental health and wellbeing: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing child maltreatment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Enhancing school achievement & employment: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing crime, violence and antisocial behaviour: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing substance abuse: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing risky sexual behaviour & teen pregnancy: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Preventing obesity and promoting healthy physical development: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aenean commodo ligula eget dolor. Aenean massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient.

Evidence ratings:

Rated 2: Has preliminary evidence of improving a child outcome from a quantitative impact study, but there is not yet evidence of causal impact.

Rated 2+: Meets the level 2 rating and the best available evidence is based on a study which is more rigorous than a level 2 standard but does not meet the level 3 standard.

Rated 3: Has evidence of a short-term positive impact from at least one rigorous study.

Rated 3+: Meets the level 3 rating and has evidence from other studies with a comparison group at level 2 or higher.

Rated 4: Has evidence of a long-term positive impact through at least two rigorous studies.

Rated 4+: Meets the level 4 rating and has at least a third study contributing to the Level 4 rating, with at least one of the studies conducted independently of the intervention provider.

Rating has a *: The evidence base includes mixed findings i.e., studies suggesting positive impact alongside studies, which on balance, indicate no effect or negative impact.

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